All Frameworks

Dependency Counts

For dependency counts, we start by looking at the dependencies for the meta-framework package directly. For example, how many production, development and overall dependencies does `Nuxt` have? We then look at dependencies for the starter projects specifically. Looking at a project's dependencies is more realistic (like the `starter-*` projects) as meta-frameworks rarely just include the meta-framework package alone. It is also important to look at direct dependencies.

Meta-framework Direct Package Counts

Framework	Deps	Dev	Prod	Graph
Astro	80	27	53	View
Mastro	1	0	1	View
Next.js	229	223	6	View
Nuxt	68	11	57	View
React Router	50	22	28	View
SolidStart	29	4	25	View
SvelteKit	25	13	12	View
TanStack Start	8	0	8	View

Metaframework Dependencies

Metaframework Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	1
TanStack Start	8
SvelteKit	25
SolidStart	29
React Router	50
Nuxt	68
Astro	80
Next.js	229

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Metaframework Development Dependencies

Metaframework Development Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	0
TanStack Start	0
SolidStart	4
Nuxt	11
SvelteKit	13
React Router	22
Astro	27
Next.js	223

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Metaframework Production Dependencies

Metaframework Production Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	1
Next.js	6
TanStack Start	8
SvelteKit	12
SolidStart	25
React Router	28
Astro	53
Nuxt	57

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Projects

Framework	Deps Dev / Prod	All Deps	Dup. Deps	node_modules	Dep Install Size	Graph
Astro	2 / 1	390	11	207.84MB	186.51MB	View
Mastro	2 / 2	6	0	29.16MB	27.39MB	View
Next.js	6 / 3	421	12	560.04MB	506.22MB	View
Nuxt	2 / 3	694	63	208.81MB	172.24MB	View
React Router	8 / 6	268	9	106.86MB	102.22MB	View
SolidStart	1 / 6	227	8	124.34MB	99.61MB	View
SvelteKit	7 / 0	147	28	66.36MB	69.75MB	View
TanStack Start	11 / 13	424	14	234.77MB	198.52MB	View

Starter Project Dev Dependencies

Starter Project Dev Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
SolidStart	1
Astro	2
Mastro	2
Nuxt	2
Next.js	6
SvelteKit	7
React Router	8
TanStack Start	11

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Project Production Dependencies

Starter Project Production Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
SvelteKit	0
Astro	1
Mastro	2
Next.js	3
Nuxt	3
React Router	6
SolidStart	6
TanStack Start	13

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Project Duplicate Dependencies

Starter Project Duplicate Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	0
SolidStart	8
React Router	9
Astro	11
Next.js	12
TanStack Start	14
SvelteKit	28
Nuxt	63

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Node Modules Size

Methodology: Node Modules Size.

Node modules size

Node modules size data
Framework	Megabytes
Mastro	29.16 MB
SvelteKit	66.36 MB
React Router	106.86 MB
SolidStart	124.34 MB
Astro	207.84 MB
Nuxt	208.81 MB
TanStack Start	234.77 MB
Next.js	560.04 MB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Build and Install Times

Methodology: Build and Install Times.

Framework	Avg Install	Min Install	Max Install	Avg Cold Build	Avg Warm Build	Build Output
Astro	1.75s	1.58s	2.27s	1.03s	0.93s	0.03MB
Mastro	0.54s	0.53s	0.58s	0.37s	0.37s	0.01MB
Next.js	3.14s	3.00s	3.50s	5.11s	5.00s	6.05MB
Nuxt	2.93s	2.76s	3.28s	3.95s	3.92s	2.46MB
React Router	1.19s	1.15s	1.30s	1.74s	1.71s	0.38MB
SolidStart	1.23s	1.20s	1.26s	2.79s	2.81s	0.51MB
SvelteKit	1.24s	1.19s	1.27s	2.60s	2.48s	1.36MB
TanStack Start	1.81s	1.75s	1.86s	5.30s	5.21s	2.05MB

Avg install time

Avg install time data
Framework	Seconds
Mastro	0.54s
React Router	1.19s
SolidStart	1.23s
SvelteKit	1.24s
Astro	1.75s
TanStack Start	1.81s
Nuxt	2.93s
Next.js	3.14s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Cold build time

Cold build time data
Framework	Seconds
Mastro	0.37s
Astro	1.03s
React Router	1.74s
SvelteKit	2.60s
SolidStart	2.79s
Nuxt	3.95s
Next.js	5.11s
TanStack Start	5.30s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Warm build time

Warm build time data
Framework	Seconds
Mastro	0.37s
Astro	0.93s
React Router	1.71s
SvelteKit	2.48s
SolidStart	2.81s
Nuxt	3.92s
Next.js	5.00s
TanStack Start	5.21s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Build output size

Build output size data
Framework	Megabytes
Mastro	0.01 MB
Astro	0.03 MB
React Router	0.38 MB
SolidStart	0.51 MB
SvelteKit	1.36 MB
TanStack Start	2.05 MB
Nuxt	2.46 MB
Next.js	6.05 MB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Core-JS Polyfills

Methodology: Core-JS Polyfills.

Framework	~Size	Unnecessary Modules
Astro	—	—
Mastro	—	—
Next.js	110.0 KB	302
Nuxt	—	—
React Router	—	—
SolidStart	—	—
SvelteKit	—	—
TanStack Start	—	—

Browser Baseline

Methodology: Browser Baseline.

Framework	Baseline	Feature	Year	Features
Astro	—	—	—	0
Mastro	—	—	—	0
Next.js	High	—	2022	46
Nuxt	Limited	temporal	—	40
React Router	High	—	2022	40
SolidStart	High	—	2020	30
SvelteKit	High	—	2020	40
TanStack Start	High	—	2022	45

Client Side Rendered Tests

Methodology: Client Side Rendered Tests.

Framework	First Paint	FCP
Astro	174ms	174.14ms
Next.js	372ms	372.05ms
Nuxt	239.6ms	239.46ms
React Router	234.2ms	234.01ms
SolidStart	191.2ms	191.13ms
SvelteKit	219.2ms	219.08ms
TanStack Start	209.8ms	209.65ms

First Paint (ms)

First Paint (ms) data
Framework	Milliseconds
Astro	174.00 ms
SolidStart	191.20 ms
TanStack Start	209.80 ms
SvelteKit	219.20 ms
React Router	234.20 ms
Nuxt	239.60 ms
Next.js	372.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

First Contentful Paint (ms)

First Contentful Paint (ms) data
Framework	Milliseconds
Astro	174.14 ms
SolidStart	191.13 ms
TanStack Start	209.65 ms
SvelteKit	219.08 ms
React Router	234.01 ms
Nuxt	239.46 ms
Next.js	372.05 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Server Side Rendered Tests

Methodology: Server Side Rendered Tests.

Framework	First Paint	FCP
Astro	124.6ms	124.71ms
Mastro	126ms	125.85ms
Next.js	176.8ms	176.92ms
Nuxt	157.4ms	157.75ms
React Router	162.6ms	162.65ms
SolidStart	155.8ms	155.87ms
SvelteKit	147.8ms	147.73ms
TanStack Start	169ms	169.09ms

First Paint (ms)

First Paint (ms) data
Framework	Milliseconds
Astro	124.60 ms
Mastro	126.00 ms
SvelteKit	147.80 ms
SolidStart	155.80 ms
Nuxt	157.40 ms
React Router	162.60 ms
TanStack Start	169.00 ms
Next.js	176.80 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

First Contentful Paint (ms)

First Contentful Paint (ms) data
Framework	Milliseconds
Astro	124.71 ms
Mastro	125.85 ms
SvelteKit	147.73 ms
SolidStart	155.87 ms
Nuxt	157.75 ms
React Router	162.65 ms
TanStack Start	169.09 ms
Next.js	176.92 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Server Side Throughput Tests

Methodology: Server Side Throughput Tests.

Framework	Ops/sec	Median Latency	Body Size	Duplication
Baseline HTML	830	1.203ms	96.83kb	1x
Astro	672	1.432ms	96.89kb	1x
Mastro	273	3.572ms	327.46kb	1.5x
Next.js	233	4.498ms	199.57kb	2x
Nuxt	366	2.642ms	201.27kb	2x
React Router	350	2.83ms	211.63kb	2x
SolidStart	425	2.271ms	224.17kb	2x
SvelteKit	449	2.157ms	183.53kb	2x
TanStack Start	326	3.038ms	193.62kb	2x

Ops/sec

Ops/sec data
Framework	Operations per second
Baseline HTML	830
Astro	672
SvelteKit	449
SolidStart	425
Nuxt	366
React Router	350
TanStack Start	326
Mastro	273
Next.js	233

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Body Size

Body Size data
Framework	Kilobytes
Baseline HTML	96.83 KB
Astro	96.89 KB
SvelteKit	183.53 KB
TanStack Start	193.62 KB
Next.js	199.57 KB
Nuxt	201.27 KB
React Router	211.63 KB
SolidStart	224.17 KB
Mastro	327.46 KB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Median Latency

Median Latency data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	1.20 ms
Astro	1.43 ms
SvelteKit	2.16 ms
SolidStart	2.27 ms
Nuxt	2.64 ms
React Router	2.83 ms
TanStack Start	3.04 ms
Mastro	3.57 ms
Next.js	4.50 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Server Side Load Test

Methodology: Server Side Load Test.

Framework	Peak req/s	Peak Connections	P99 @ 25	P99 @ 50	P99 @ 100	Total Req.
Baseline HTML	1,582.6	100	19ms	43ms	117ms	47,202
Astro	1,211.6	25	34ms	77ms	250ms	36,451
Mastro	565	25	46ms	194ms	1506ms	17,853
Next.js	37	5	2159ms	4655ms	4693ms	1,032
Nuxt	63.8	25	2095ms	4134ms	4454ms	2,062
React Router	168.6	25	187ms	1808ms	4079ms	5,529
SolidStart	61.2	25	3017ms	4269ms	4243ms	1,942
SvelteKit	464	25	89ms	526ms	2612ms	15,000
TanStack Start	43.2	5	4041ms	4320ms	4365ms	1,325

P99 Latency

P99 Latency at 25 Connections

P99 Latency at 25 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	19.00 ms
Astro	34.00 ms
Mastro	46.00 ms
SvelteKit	89.00 ms
React Router	187.00 ms
Nuxt	2095.00 ms
Next.js	2159.00 ms
SolidStart	3017.00 ms
TanStack Start	4041.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P99 Latency at 50 Connections

P99 Latency at 50 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	43.00 ms
Astro	77.00 ms
Mastro	194.00 ms
SvelteKit	526.00 ms
React Router	1808.00 ms
Nuxt	4134.00 ms
SolidStart	4269.00 ms
TanStack Start	4320.00 ms
Next.js	4655.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P99 Latency at 100 Connections

P99 Latency at 100 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	117.00 ms
Astro	250.00 ms
Mastro	1506.00 ms
SvelteKit	2612.00 ms
React Router	4079.00 ms
SolidStart	4243.00 ms
TanStack Start	4365.00 ms
Nuxt	4454.00 ms
Next.js	4693.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency

P90 Latency at 25 Connections

P90 Latency at 25 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	18.00 ms
Astro	22.00 ms
Mastro	45.00 ms
SvelteKit	64.00 ms
React Router	152.00 ms
Nuxt	398.00 ms
SolidStart	594.00 ms
Next.js	759.00 ms
TanStack Start	837.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency at 50 Connections

P90 Latency at 50 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	33.00 ms
Astro	43.00 ms
Mastro	94.00 ms
SvelteKit	141.00 ms
React Router	297.00 ms
Nuxt	520.00 ms
SolidStart	657.00 ms
TanStack Start	703.00 ms
Next.js	2432.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency at 100 Connections

P90 Latency at 100 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	77.00 ms
Astro	86.00 ms
Mastro	196.00 ms
SvelteKit	212.00 ms
React Router	402.00 ms
Nuxt	737.00 ms
SolidStart	837.00 ms
TanStack Start	1557.00 ms
Next.js	2894.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Core Web Vitals

CWV Desktop

Framework	LCP%	CLS%	FCP%	TTFB%	INP%
Astro	91	87	91	82	97
SolidStart	91	66	91	83	100
SvelteKit	79	77	78	71	94
Next.js	72	69	76	67	94
React Router	61	62	66	70	90
Nuxt.js	65	57	67	59	95

Good Largest Contentful Paint

Measures how fast a page's main content loads. To provide a good user experience, the LCP should be 2.5 seconds or less.

Good Largest Contentful Paint data
Framework	%
Astro	91
SolidStart	91
SvelteKit	79
Next.js	72
Nuxt.js	65
React Router	61

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift

Measures how much and how far content unexpectedly moves on a page. To provide a good user experience, sites should maintain a CLS score of 0.1 or less for at least 75% of page visits.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift data
Framework	%
Astro	87
SvelteKit	77
Next.js	69
SolidStart	66
React Router	62
Nuxt.js	57

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good First Contentful Paint

Measures initial loading speed. To provide a good user experience, the FCP should be 1.8 seconds or less.

Good Time To First Byte

Measures the time between the request for a resource and when the first byte of a response begins to arrive. A good TTFB is less than or equal to 800ms.

Good Time To First Byte data
Framework	%
SolidStart	83
Astro	82
SvelteKit	71
React Router	70
Next.js	67
Nuxt.js	59

Good Interaction to Next Paint

Measures overall page responsiveness to user actions. To provide a good user experience, the INP should be 200ms or less.

Good Interaction to Next Paint data
Framework	%
SolidStart	100
Astro	97
Nuxt.js	95
SvelteKit	94
Next.js	94
React Router	90

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

CWV Mobile

Framework	LCP%	CLS%	FCP%	TTFB%	INP%
Astro	77	92	71	60	86
SolidStart	90	63	90	81	100
SvelteKit	67	81	60	58	75
Next.js	51	69	50	47	58
Nuxt.js	45	58	43	45	65
React Router	41	64	41	53	56

Good Largest Contentful Paint

Measures how fast a page's main content loads. To provide a good user experience, the LCP should be 2.5 seconds or less.

Good Largest Contentful Paint data
Framework	%
SolidStart	90
Astro	77
SvelteKit	67
Next.js	51
Nuxt.js	45
React Router	41

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift

Measures how much and how far content unexpectedly moves on a page. To provide a good user experience, sites should maintain a CLS score of 0.1 or less for at least 75% of page visits.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift data
Framework	%
Astro	92
SvelteKit	81
Next.js	69
React Router	64
SolidStart	63
Nuxt.js	58

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good First Contentful Paint

Measures initial loading speed. To provide a good user experience, the FCP should be 1.8 seconds or less.

Good Time To First Byte

Measures the time between the request for a resource and when the first byte of a response begins to arrive. A good TTFB is less than or equal to 800ms.

Good Time To First Byte data
Framework	%
SolidStart	81
Astro	60
SvelteKit	58
React Router	53
Next.js	47
Nuxt.js	45

Good Interaction to Next Paint

Measures overall page responsiveness to user actions. To provide a good user experience, the INP should be 200ms or less.

Good Interaction to Next Paint data
Framework	%
SolidStart	100
Astro	86
SvelteKit	75
Nuxt.js	65
Next.js	58
React Router	56

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Methodology: Core Web Vitals.